An integer overflow occurs due to insufficient input validation, which may allow an application to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. An integer overflow is a condition where an arithmetic operation attempts to create a numeric value that is outside of the range that can be represented with a given number of bits. This issue has been reported as actively exploited against versions of iOS released before iOS 15.7. In real-world incidents, this flaw was used as part of a sophisticated spyware campaign to gain root privileges on target devices, enabling the deployment of a backdoor for stealing iCloud keychain data, recording microphone audio, and tracking location.