The isolated-vm library for Node.js has API pitfalls that may expose supposed secure isolates to the permissions of the main Node.js isolate. `Reference` objects allow access to the underlying reference's full prototype chain, potentially enabling attackers to acquire a `Reference` to the Node.js context's `Function` object. Similar attacks could be possible by modifying the local prototype of other API objects. Access to `NativeModule` objects could allow an attacker to load and run native code from anywhere on the filesystem, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution if combined with a file upload API.