Haixin Duan

Unbound is susceptible to domain hijack attacks through the manipulation of DNS responses. Specifically, maliciously crafted NS Resource Record Sets (RRSets) included in replies can cause the resolver to update its delegation information, potentially leading to a zone transfer. An attacker could exploit this by injecting NS RRSets, possibly through packet spoofing or fragmentation attacks, causing Unbound to update its existing NS RRSet data due to the perceived trustworthiness of the injected information.

Insufficient validation of delegation information could lead to cache pollution in PowerDNS Recursor, a resolving name server. Updates will not be backported to the version of PDNS recursor in the oldstable distribution (bookworm).

Insufficient validation of delegation information could lead to cache pollution in PDNS Recursor, a resolving name server. The changes required to address this are too extensive to backport to the version of PDNS Recursor included in the oldstable distribution (bookworm).

The issue arises from the improper consideration of uppercase-versus-lowercase distinction during cookie parsing in CFNetwork. This allows remote web servers to overwrite cookies.

The issue allows remote attackers to trigger continued resolvability of revoked domain names via a "ghost domain names" attack. This occurs because the resolver in ISC BIND 9 overwrites cached server names and TTL values in NS records during the processing of a response to an A record query. The estimated number of potentially affected devices is not specified. However, the issue has been leveraged for DNS tunneling in various campaigns, including those by Darkhydrus, Oilrig, and Cobalt katana, targeting educational institutions, network infrastructure, and cloud environments across APAC, America, EMEA, and Japan.