Ruslan Dautov

An out-of-bounds read occurs due to insufficient bounds checking. This flaw allows an application to read kernel memory or cause unexpected system termination. An out-of-bounds read is a condition where a program reads data past the end or before the beginning of the intended buffer.

An out-of-bounds write issue exists where an application may be able to write kernel memory or cause unexpected system termination. This occurs due to insufficient bounds checking, which is a process of verifying that a program does not access memory outside the boundaries of a predefined buffer.

A type confusion issue exists where a remote attacker may be able to cause a denial of service. Type confusion occurs when a program accesses a resource using an incompatible type, leading to unexpected behavior or crashes.