Substrate

An integer overflow occurs due to insufficient input validation. Processing a maliciously crafted file can cause the application to terminate unexpectedly. An integer overflow is a condition where an arithmetic operation attempts to create a numeric value that is outside of the range that can be represented with a given number of digits.

An out-of-bounds write issue occurs when processing a maliciously crafted font, which can lead to corrupt process memory or unexpected application termination. An out-of-bounds write is a condition where the program writes data past the end of the intended buffer, potentially overwriting adjacent memory.